Essential Skills for Children to Develop in Preschool

(Family Features) The skills young children need for success in elementary school and beyond are developed during the first five years of life. For families, it’s critical to select the right preschool – one with thoroughly trained faculty and a curriculum designed to nurture foundational academic, social, emotional and physical skills – then extend learning to home.

Experts from The Goddard School’s education team – Dr. Lauren Loquasto, senior vice president and chief academic officer; Dr. Maria Shaheen, director of early childhood research and innovation; and Karie Ann Middleton, director of early childhood education programs – share this guidance to help families prepare their children for success in, and beyond, elementary school.

Core Skills to Prioritize in Preschool
Most families, when thinking about their child’s preschool education, naturally default to focusing on academic skills, and those are certainly important. Children should develop a well-rounded foundation of literacy and mathematics skills. This includes building vocabulary, pairing sounds and letters and sounding out new words, as well as learning to count and connecting a number of objects (e.g., three blocks) to the corresponding numeral (3).

Just as important as the academic skills, however, are social and emotional skills. For example:

• Identifying feelings and emotions in themselves and others, and responding appropriately
• Entering a new social situation, making friends and navigating conflict
• Basic self-help skills, such as knowing how to independently eat, use the bathroom and zip up their jackets

Lastly is the development of early physical skills, such as balance and learning to use a pencil and scissors.

Inquiry-Based Learning: The Optimal Approach
The best educational approach supports all skill development – academic, social, emotional and physical – while children are engaged in play and exploration. In these supportive environments, teachers can actively observe children and listen carefully to understand their interests and curiosities then guide the instruction accordingly.

This is the basis of inquiry-based learning, a framework that embraces the natural curiosity and sense of wonder children bring into the classroom. Researchers from leading universities found when children are interested in what they are learning, attention spans are maximized, and when they feel in control of their learning, engagement is higher.

At The Goddard School, inquiry-based learning is brought to life via its exclusive education program, Wonder of Learning. With teacher-guided inquiry topics, children learn about themselves and the world around them by exploring their interests, investigating concepts and asking questions. This ensures learning is not only relevant to skill-building but also timely, contextual and meaningful, helping children master the foundational skills before entering elementary school.

Taking Inquiry-Based Learning Home
Inquiry-based learning is not limited to the classroom. In fact, to best support young children, families should practice the approach at home, too.

Families can start by narrating what they and their children are doing and verbalizing the emotions that correspond with their experiences. For example, “I can see by your face you aren’t sure if you like that new vegetable. I wonder if it’s the flavor or the texture?” Beyond listening to their responses, watch their faces for cues and respond accordingly. Through narration, children’s vocabularies are expanded and they learn to apply words to their emotions and experiences.

Give children choices, when possible and safe, such as choosing their outfits or snacks. Making choices helps them develop critical thinking skills and builds confidence and motivation.

Infuse open-ended questions throughout daily life. For example, ask “What makes you curious?” Going further, have children draw what they are curious about.

To help families practice inquiry-based learning, The Goddard School published a children’s book, “Curious Blueberry the Carousel Horse,” written by Steve Metzger and illustrated by Bruno Robert. The story follows Blueberry and her colorful carousel animal friends as they learn to find joy through curiosity and questions. Cues throughout the story prompt the reader to ask open-ended questions, creating an engaging and individualized experience for children.